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Purpose:Infections due to invasive non-typhoid salmonella can be dangerous and fatal. The mode of infection and the severity varies from the typhoidal fevers. It is important to find the association between clinical features and the infecting serovar to understand the pathophysiology and course of treatment Methods:In the present study, extra-intestinal specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid and pus) from three patients suffering from septicaemia, meningitis and osteomyelitis were received. Micro-biological and biochemical test for species identification and antibiotic susceptibility was done as per standard protocol.Further, PCR based amplification and sequencing of a portion of the flagellin gene (FliC) was done to confirm the serovar.Results: Salmonellaentericawas identified from all the threeby microbiological and biochemical examination.The sequence of the Flic gene confirmed the serovar to be S.typhimurium. All the patients were treated successfully for the infectionby appropriate antibiotic therapy. Conclusion:The study highlights that serovarTyphimurium is common in invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis and its pathophysiology and virulence factors expression should be understood in various organ types for better treatment options and outcomes
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Objective: Chronicosteomyelitis isthe infectionand inflammation ofthe bone.Inappropriate useof antibiotics and multidrugresistancehas raised themorbidityand mortalityrate in chronic osteomyelitis. This studyaims to determine thebacterial profileand antimicrobial susceptibility patterns ofchronicosteomyelitis with special mention to various resistant mechanisms.Methods: The study is a prospective design.Hundred (100) clinicallydiagnosedcases of chronicosteomyelitis of allagegroupand both sex admitted in a tertiarycarehospital at centralIndia, in oneyearwereincluded. Samples likepus, sinus dischargeorexudates werecollectedasepticallyand sent for microbiologicalinvestigation. Antimicrobial susceptibilityof bacterial isolates tothe commonlyusedantibiotics was doneby using modifiedKirbyBauer discdiffusion method.Results:Theaerobicbacteriological studyof chronic osteomyelitis showedStaphylococcus aureus is being continued to be major etiologicalagent followed byPseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Gram-positive isolates weresensitive to linezolid, teicoplanin while gram-negativeisolates weresensitive to colistin, ciprofloxacin in the majority. The diseaseoccurs mostlydueto traumatic injuries commonlyaffectingthe middleagegroup.In present study prevalenceof methicillin-resistant Staphylococci aureusand βLactamaseproducing (ESBL, Amp-C and MBL)gram-negativebacilliis found to beon the higher side.Conclusion: It has been the majorcauseof morbidityfor a longtime. The emergingmultidrug-resistant strain is a major concern forthe treatment.Identification ofcausativeisolates and usinga judicious selection ofantibiotics willhelp theclinician in startingtheempirical treatment accordinglywould limit themultidrug resistancestrains in the hospital as wellas the community
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Background: Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is one of the commonest symptomatology in gynaecologist’s outpatient clinics. CPP has a profound impact on a woman's health and quality of life, including an economic impact through loss of working hours. Treatment for chronic pelvic pain is often unsatisfactory. Present study compares Laparoscopic Uterosacral Nerve Ablation (LUNA) with laparoscopy without pelvic denervation in patients presenting with chronic pelvic pain to our outpatient clinic.Methods: It was a Randomised Controlled Trial Study. After considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 120 patients were selected, out of which 60 (Group I) had undergone diagnostic laparoscopy and 60 (Group II) had undergone diagnostic laparoscopy with LUNA.Results: The overall success rate for group I and group II were 80%, 78.3% and 66.6% versus 85%, 81.6%, and 83.3% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. However, on subgroup analysis it was found that in patients suffering from Congestive Dysmenorrhoea, there was a significant difference in success rate of both the groups.Conclusions: It was found in present study that there was a benefit for patients with dysmenorrheal, further research in this area is desirable to reach towards a discrete conclusion regarding the benefits of LUNA in patients of CPP.
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Introduction: The definitive diagnosis of Tuberculosis is established when typical histological features can be demonstrated or mycobacteria can be isolated from the body fluids or from sputum or from gastric lavage. Various other methods, such as gel electrophoresis, radiometric assay and polymerase chain reaction are also available. It is Well documented that isolation of mycobacteria and culture is difficult and time consuming and other tests are complex and technically more demanding. In this study, we correlated the results of QuantiFERON-TB Gold test with tuberculin skin test and sputum positivity. Material and methods: Total 150 subjects were included in this study. The clinical features and detailed history of each case was recorded in a standard format including exposure to infection and physical examination. Patients were tested for QuantiFERON-TB Gold. Results: The results obtained in this study showed that single method for diagnosis of tuberculosis patients may not be able to detect all the positive cases of tuberculosis. Whereas combining two methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis patients is more advantageous way for the detection of tuberculosis patients. The combination of tuberculin skin test along with the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test had yield 96.6% cases as positive in our study which is far better than using a single test. Conclusion: Use of QuantiFERON- TB Gold test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis is superior to conventional methods of diagnosis, above which the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test in combination with tuberculin skin test yields the maximum number of true positive cases of tuberculosis. The levels of new markers, serum interferon gamma (IFN-y) after stimulation by foreign antigen by QFT test and combining it with tuberculin skin test yield a good amount of true positive cases of tuberculosis even in latent cases.
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This follow-up observational study examined gender disparities in seeking healthcare and in home management of diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections, and fever among 530 children (263 boys and 267 girls) aged less than five years in a rural community of West Bengal, India, from June 1998 to May 1999. Of 790 episodes detected by a weekly surveillance, 380 occurred among boys and 410 among girls. At the household level, girls were less likely to get home fluids and oral rehydration solutions (ORS) during diarrhoea. Qualified health professionals were consulted more often (p = 0.0094) and sooner for boys than for girls (8.3 +/- 4.5 hours vs 21.2 +/- 9.5 hours), for which parents also travelled longer distances (3.3 km for boys vs 1.6 km for girls). Expenditure per treated episode (Rs 76.76 +/- 69.23 in boys and Rs 44.73 +/- 67.60 in girls) differed significantly (p = 0.023). Results of logistic regression analysis showed that chance of spending more money was 4.2 [confidence interval (CI) 1.6-10.9] times higher for boys. The boys were 4.9 (CI 1.8-11.9) times more likely to be taken early for medical care and 2.6 (CI 1.2-6.5) times more likely to be seen by qualified allopathic doctors compared to girls. Persistence of gender disparities calls for effective interventions for correction.